普遍定期审议机制将审查14个国家的人权记录

2024年1月17日

　　联合国人权理事会普遍定期审议（UPR）工作组第四十五届会议将于2024年1月22日至2月2日在日内瓦举行，届时将对14个国家的人权状况进行审议。

　　普遍定期审议是人权理事会的一个独特机制，要求每个联合国会员国每四年半对其人权记录进行一次同行审议。普遍定期审议工作组由47个成员组成的人权理事会全体成员和其他希望参加的联合国会员国或观察员国组成。

　　在第四十五届会议期间，普遍定期审议工作组将审议的国家按预定审议顺序排列如下：沙特阿拉伯、塞内加尔、中国、尼日利亚、毛里求斯、墨西哥、约旦、马来西亚、中非共和国、摩纳哥、伯利兹、乍得、刚果和马耳他。这将是这14个国家第四次接受普遍定期审议。

　　代表这14个国家的高级别代表团将介绍它们为履行人权义务和承诺所做的努力，特别是自上次普遍定期审议以来的努力，评估积极的事态发展，明确面临的挑战。

　　会议期间，接受审议的国家与普遍定期审议工作组之间将进行互动对话。每个国家的审议持续三个半小时，每个国家还将有半个小时专门用于通过附有同行建议的报告。

　　这些审议所依据的文件包括：

　　1.国家报告：有关国家编写的资料，在审议期间口头提交

　　2.联合国汇编：联合国相关机制和实体的报告中包含的信息，将由人权高专办（OHCHR）汇编成报告

　　3.利益攸关方摘要：由其他相关利益攸关方提供的资料，包括非政府组织、国家人权机构、人权维护者、学术机构、研究机构和区域组织，也将由人权高专办进行总结

　　对每个国家的审议由来自不同区域集团的三名理事会成员组成的小组（也称为三国领导小组）协助进行，他们担任报告员。三国小组是在2024年1月10日的理事会组织会议上通过抽签选出的。

　　普遍定期审议工作组第45次会议的最终结果将在2024年6月或7月举行的人权理事会第56届常会的全体会议上通过。除被审议国和其他国家外，联合国驻地协调员、联合国实体国家主任、国家人权机构和非政府组织也可发言，时间为一小时。

　　普遍定期审议的目标

　　普遍定期审议的目标是改善当地的人权状况；履行国家的人权义务和承诺，评估国家的积极发展和面临的挑战；与有关国家协商并征得其同意，加强技术援助；在国家和其他利益攸关方之间分享最佳做法；支持在促进和保护人权方面的合作；鼓励与理事会、其他人权机构和人权高专办充分合作和接触。

　　落实普遍定期审议的建议旨在加强国家人权保护体系。在解决侵犯人权行为的根源方面，落实建议可以起到预防作用。

英文原文

Human rights records of 14 States to be examined by Universal Periodic Review mechanism

17 January 2023

Fourteen States will have their human rights records examined during the 45th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Working Group to be held in Geneva from 22 January to 2 February 2024.

The UPR is a unique mechanism of the Human Rights Council that calls for each UN Member State to undergo a peer review of its human rights records every four-and-a-half years. The UPR Working Group comprises the entire membership of the 47-member Human Rights Council and other UN Member or Observer States wishing to take part.

The States to be reviewed by the UPR Working Group during this 45th session are, in order of scheduled review: Saudi Arabia, Senegal, China, Nigeria, Mauritius, Mexico, Jordan, Malaysia, the Central African Republic, Monaco, Belize, Chad, the Congo and Malta. This will be the fourth time these 14 States will undergo a UPR examination.

High-level delegations representing the 14 countries are expected to present the efforts they have made to fulfil their human rights obligations and commitments, particularly since their last UPR, assessing positive developments and identifying challenges.

During the session, an interactive dialogue between the country under review and the UPR Working Group takes place. Each country review lasts three-and-a-half hours, and an additional half-hour for each country will be devoted to adopting the report containing the recommendations put forward by their peers.

The documents on which these reviews are based are:

National Report: information prepared by the State concerned, presented orally during the review

UN Compilation: information contained in the reports of relevant UN mechanisms and entities to be compiled in a report by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

Summary of Stakeholders: information provided by other relevant stakeholders including non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions, human rights defenders, academic institutions, research institutes, and regional organizations, also to be summarized by OHCHR

The review for each State is facilitated by groups of three Council members from different regional groups, also called troikas, who act as rapporteurs. The troikas were selected through a drawing of lots on 10 January 2024 during an organizational meeting of the Council.

The final outcome of the 45th session of the UPR Working Group will be adopted by the plenary of the Human Rights Council at its 56th regular session taking place in June/July 2024. For one hour, in addition to the State reviewed and other States, UN resident coordinators, country directors of UN entities, national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations can also take the floor.

Objectives of the Universal Periodic Review

The objectives of the Universal Periodic Review are the improvement of the human rights situation on the ground; the fulfilment of the State’s human rights obligations and commitments and assessment of positive developments and challenges faced by the State; the enhancement of technical assistance, in consultation with, and with the consent of, the State concerned; the sharing of best practice among States and other stakeholders; support for cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights; and the encouragement of full cooperation and engagement with the Council, other human rights bodies and OHCHR.

The implementation of UPR recommendations aims to strengthen national human rights protection systems. In addressing the root causes of human rights violations, the implementation of recommendations can have a preventive effect.